KIDNEY HEALTH, EXPLAINED
Glomerular disorders
The glomeruli are tiny filters inside the kidneys. Conditions affecting these filters can allow protein or blood to pass into urine and may affect kidney function.
Making sense of the signs
Foamy urine, blood in urine, or swelling may lead to an assessment, but these findings do not establish a diagnosis on their own. There can be several possible causes.
Understanding the next steps
Your history and examination guide the discussion. Depending on the situation, a doctor may suggest blood or urine tests and sometimes a kidney biopsy to understand the cause.
Questions you may have
Does protein in urine always mean the same condition?
No. Protein in urine is a finding that needs interpretation. The cause and its significance depend on your wider clinical picture.
Will everyone need a kidney biopsy?
No. A biopsy is considered when the additional information could help diagnosis or treatment. Its purpose, benefits, and risks should be discussed individually.
A few questions to start with
- What could explain my symptoms or urine changes?
- What would any proposed test help us understand?
- What are the possible next steps?
Further reading: Glomerular disease · NIDDK ↗
Updated 20 October 2026. General patient information; individual care requires a
consultation.